Having been around for decades, turbochargers’ ever-evolving technology has succeeded in boosting the power of smaller engines, delivering impressive engine performance and boasting exceptional improvement in power-to-weight ratio for the engine. With an increasing need for fuel-efficient power, turbochargers in production today have expanded beyond the standard types even though the basic functions have not fundamentally changed.
Exhaust Gas Turbocharger
Exhaust-gas turbochargers have the means to enhance performance, increase speed, power as well as engine performance while at the same time reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Consisting of a turbine and a compressor with a fixed mechanical connection established via a common shaft between them, the exhaust turbocharger utilises the exhaust gas energy, which otherwise would be lost at the end of the high-pressure cycle, to drive the turbine. The turbine then draws in the exhaust gas, compresses and feeds it into the engine to provide extra power.
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Axial Flow Turbocharger
More commonly used in aircraft engines because of their large size and heavy weight, axial flow turbochargers are similar to gas turbochargers. With the fuel flow coming through the wheel in an axial direction, the axial flow turbocharger compresses air into increasingly smaller spaces using a series of impeller or axial compressor fans. The overall flow for axial flow turbochargers is in a straight line, i.e. the exhaust gas is forced directly against the entire turbine wheel, which makes them more efficient than radial flow turbochargers.
Radial Flow Turbocharger
Image by ajouretravel via Pixabay
The radial flow turbocharger is the most popular type for automotive applications. In radial flow turbines, gas inflow is centripetal and is directed from the outside in a radial direction. Forcing air into its intake system from an impeller using centrifugal force to push air out radially through a scroll pump, the radial flow turbocharger has the ability to increase the power of an automobile up to 1,000 horsepower.
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